29 Psychological Erectile Dysfunction Statistics - 2025

The intersection of mental health and sexual function represents one of medicine's most significant yet underaddressed relationships, with psychological factors driving erectile dysfunction in 85.2% of men. Current research demonstrates that psychological ED extends far beyond simple performance anxiety, encompassing complex interactions between depression, stress, relationship dynamics, and neurological responses that affect millions of men worldwide. We've analyzed peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and population health data to present the statistics that illuminate the psychological dimensions of erectile dysfunction and guide evidence-based treatment decisions.

Key Takeaways

• Psychological factors represent the primary cause of ED in 85.2% of men under 40, fundamentally shifting treatment approaches for younger demographics
• A survey suggests 60% of young British men avoid sexual encounters due to performance anxiety
• Depression and ED demonstrate a bidirectional relationship with a 40-70% increased depression risk in men with ED
• Combined psychological and medical treatments show strong success rates in psychogenic ED cases
• Cognitive behavioral therapy can be as effective as medication for psychological ED in some controlled trials
• Partner involvement correlates with improved treatment outcomes, emphasizing relationship dynamics in recovery

Prevalence and Demographics of Psychological ED

1. 85.2% of men under 40 with erectile dysfunction have psychological causes as the primary factor

Comprehensive research fundamentally reframes our understanding of erectile dysfunction in younger populations, demonstrating that psychological factors overwhelmingly dominate organic causes in this age group. This statistic challenges the traditional medical model that primarily associates ED with vascular disease, diabetes, or aging-related changes. The implications extend throughout clinical practice—young men presenting with ED require thorough psychological assessment rather than jumping immediately to vascular workup or hormonal testing. The predominance of psychological causes in younger men suggests that early intervention focusing on anxiety management, stress reduction, and relationship counseling could prevent progression to more entrenched sexual dysfunction patterns. For healthcare providers, this data mandates a shift from purely medical approaches to integrated care models addressing mental health alongside physical symptoms. We designed our telehealth platform to facilitate open discussions about psychological factors that traditional in-person visits often miss due to time constraints or patient embarrassment.

2. 40.7% of men over 40 have psychogenic ED as the primary cause, with organic causes becoming predominant

Age-stratified analysis reveals the transition point where organic causes begin to overtake psychological factors in ED etiology, though mental health remains significant even in older populations. This percentage represents millions of middle-aged and older men whose ED stems primarily from psychological sources despite assumptions that age automatically indicates physical causation. The persistence of psychological ED into middle age often reflects accumulated stress, relationship changes, career pressures, and unresolved anxiety patterns that compound over decades. Healthcare providers frequently overlook psychological factors in older men, assuming vascular or hormonal causes without proper assessment. The data suggests that even men with documented cardiovascular disease or diabetes may have significant psychological overlay affecting their erectile function. Our comprehensive intake process evaluates both psychological and physical factors regardless of age, ensuring appropriate treatment selection.

3. 30% prevalence of erectile dysfunction found in men aged 18-25 years in Swiss military screening

Population screening data from comprehensive military medical evaluations reveals surprisingly high ED rates among young, physically fit men traditionally considered low-risk for sexual dysfunction. This statistic emerged from systematic screening rather than self-reporting, suggesting actual prevalence may exceed what young men voluntarily disclose to healthcare providers. The military population's physical fitness requirements eliminate many organic causes, pointing strongly toward psychological factors including performance anxiety, relationship stress, and adjustment difficulties. The finding challenges assumptions that youth and physical fitness protect against ED, demonstrating that psychological factors can override physiological advantages. Military screening provides unique insights because it captures men who might never seek treatment independently due to stigma or lack of awareness. Understanding this baseline prevalence helps normalize ED as a common condition requiring medical attention rather than personal failure.

4. 11.3% of sexually active men aged 18-31 reported mild erectile dysfunction, with 2.9% reporting moderate-to-severe

Youth epidemiological research provides granular detail about ED severity distribution in young adults, revealing that mild symptoms affect a substantial minority while severe dysfunction remains relatively uncommon. The distinction between mild and moderate-to-severe ED proves crucial for treatment planning, as mild cases often respond well to lifestyle modifications and anxiety management while severe cases typically require pharmaceutical intervention. Young men with mild ED frequently experience situational dysfunction related to specific partners, circumstances, or stress periods rather than consistent failure across all encounters. The progression from mild to severe ED can occur rapidly when psychological factors compound through repeated perceived failures and escalating anxiety. Early intervention at the mild stage prevents this progression and establishes healthy sexual function patterns for decades ahead. Our flexible dosing options allow young men to start with lower-strength treatments appropriate for mild dysfunction.

Performance Anxiety and Sexual Avoidance

5. A survey suggests 60% young men avoid sex due to performance anxiety

Survey data indicates performance anxiety significantly impacts sexual behavior, with many young men actively avoiding intimate encounters rather than risk perceived failure. This avoidance behavior extends beyond individual encounters to affect relationship formation, dating patterns, and long-term partnership development during crucial developmental years. The statistic likely underestimates true prevalence as men experiencing such severe anxiety often decline survey participation or minimize their symptoms due to shame. Performance anxiety creates cascading effects throughout men's lives, affecting confidence in non-sexual domains and contributing to social isolation and depression. The normalization of pornography and unrealistic sexual expectations compounds performance anxiety by establishing impossible standards for real-world encounters. Our discrete delivery and online consultation model reduces barriers for anxiety-affected men who might avoid traditional medical settings.

6. Performance anxiety triggers adrenaline release that physiologically prevents erections through vasoconstriction

Physiological research elucidates the biological mechanism whereby anxiety directly impairs erectile function through sympathetic nervous system activation and stress hormone release. This process involves adrenaline causing blood vessel constriction precisely when dilation is needed for erection, creating a physical impossibility regardless of arousal or attraction levels. Understanding this mechanism helps men recognize that anxiety-related ED represents a normal physiological response rather than personal inadequacy or lack of masculinity. The knowledge that anxiety physically prevents erections can paradoxically reduce anxiety by removing self-blame and reframing the problem as medical rather than personal. Treatment approaches must address both the psychological anxiety and its physiological manifestations through combined therapeutic strategies. Our TAD chewable tablets provide extended effectiveness windows that reduce timing anxiety.

7. Anticipatory anxiety about sexual performance affects many younger men with ED according to behavioral studies

Behavioral studies document how fear of failure becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy through anticipatory anxiety that begins hours or days before potential sexual encounters. This anticipatory anxiety differs from immediate performance anxiety by creating chronic stress states that affect testosterone production, sleep quality, and overall well-being beyond just sexual function. Men caught in these feedback loops often develop avoidance behaviors, relationship sabotage patterns, and compensatory behaviors that further entrench dysfunction. Breaking these cycles requires consistent positive experiences that gradually rebuild confidence and reduce anticipatory catastrophizing. Our treatment approach includes education about anxiety cycles alongside medication support.

8. Sensate focus therapy combined with PDE5 inhibitors shows strong success rates for performance anxiety

Intervention research demonstrates positive outcomes when psychological techniques combine with pharmaceutical support for anxiety-driven ED. Sensate focus therapy involves graduated intimate exercises that remove performance pressure while rebuilding physical comfort and connection between partners. The combination approach addresses both the psychological patterns and physiological responses, creating synergistic benefits exceeding either treatment alone. The structured nature of sensate focus provides clear progression markers that build confidence through achievable goals. Implementation requires partner cooperation and commitment but delivers lasting benefits beyond medication alone.

Depression and Mood Disorders

9. 39% increased risk of erectile dysfunction in patients with depression compared to non-depressed populations

Meta-analytic evidence quantifies the substantial elevation in ED risk associated with depressive disorders, representing millions of men worldwide experiencing this comorbidity. Depression affects erectile function through multiple pathways including reduced libido, altered neurotransmitter function, decreased testosterone, and psychological withdrawal from intimacy. The bidirectional relationship means depression both causes and results from ED, creating reinforcing cycles that worsen both conditions without intervention. Antidepressant medications further complicate treatment as many SSRIs cause sexual side effects that compound existing dysfunction. The increased risk persists even after controlling for age, health behaviors, and medical comorbidities, confirming depression's independent impact on sexual function. Our DailyTAD formulation provides consistent support for men managing both conditions.

10. 17.69% prevalence of higher anxiety and depression levels among Vietnamese ED patients in clinical settings

International research provides cross-cultural validation of the ED-mental health connection, demonstrating consistent patterns across diverse populations and healthcare systems. The specific percentage from structured clinical assessments likely represents the tip of the iceberg, as many men with comorbid ED and depression never present for treatment. Cultural factors including stigma, traditional masculinity concepts, and limited mental health awareness may suppress reporting in many populations. The consistency of findings across cultures suggests biological and psychological universals in how ED affects mental health regardless of social context. Healthcare systems worldwide must recognize and address this comorbidity through integrated treatment approaches rather than treating conditions separately. Our platform's privacy and convenience particularly benefit men from cultures where ED carries significant stigma.

11. Three times higher odds of moderate-to-severe erectile dysfunction associated with antidepressant use

Medication impact studies quantify the substantial sexual side effects of many common antidepressants, creating treatment dilemmas for men with depression. SSRIs and SNRIs, while effective for depression, often cause decreased libido, delayed ejaculation, and erectile difficulties that compound existing psychological ED. The tripled risk of moderate-to-severe dysfunction suggests these aren't minor side effects but significant treatment barriers affecting medication adherence and overall outcomes. Many men discontinue antidepressants due to sexual side effects, risking depression relapse and worsening overall health. Alternative antidepressants with fewer sexual side effects exist but may be less effective for some patients' depression symptoms. Our treatments can help counteract antidepressant-induced ED while maintaining depression treatment.

Stress and Life Pressures

12. Work-related stress correlates with substantially higher likelihood of experiencing erectile dysfunction

Occupational health research establishes clear connections between professional pressures and sexual function, with demanding careers elevating ED risk. Work stress affects erectile function through multiple mechanisms including elevated cortisol, disrupted sleep, reduced exercise time, and relationship strain from long hours or travel. High-pressure professions often attract Type A personalities who internalize stress and view ED as another performance failure, compounding dysfunction. The modern always-connected work culture prevents stress recovery periods essential for maintaining healthy sexual function and hormone balance. Career-driven men often prioritize professional success over health maintenance, delaying treatment until dysfunction becomes severe. Our convenient subscription model fits busy professionals' schedules without disrupting work commitments.

13. Chronic stress elevates cortisol levels that suppress testosterone affecting sexual function

Endocrine research details the hormonal cascade whereby psychological stress translates into measurable biological changes affecting erectile capacity. Cortisol elevation from chronic stress doesn't just temporarily affect function but creates sustained hormonal imbalances requiring weeks or months to normalize after stressor resolution. This mechanism explains why stress management alone often fails to resolve ED—the hormonal changes persist beyond immediate stress reduction. Recovery requires both stress management and time for hormonal rebalancing, often with pharmaceutical support to maintain function during recovery. Understanding this physiology helps men recognize ED as a medical consequence of stress rather than personal failure.

14. Life event stressors like divorce or job loss associated with increased risk of new-onset ED

Longitudinal cohort studies document how major life disruptions trigger erectile dysfunction in previously unaffected men, demonstrating acute stress impacts on sexual health. These stressors often combine multiple ED risk factors including depression, anxiety, sleep disruption, and relationship changes that collectively overwhelm coping mechanisms. Men experiencing major stressors often neglect self-care and health maintenance precisely when they need support most, allowing dysfunction to establish and entrench. Recovery from event-triggered ED typically requires addressing both the acute stressor aftermath and any maintaining factors that developed during the crisis period. Our platform provides accessible support during difficult life transitions when traditional healthcare access proves challenging.

Relationship Dynamics and Partner Factors

15. 65% lower odds of erectile dysfunction in married or partnered men compared to single men

Relationship status research demonstrates protective effects of stable relationships on sexual function, though causality remains complex and bidirectional. Partnered men benefit from regular sexual activity that maintains function, emotional support that reduces stress, and motivation to address problems when they arise. The protective effect may partially reflect selection bias, as men with ED might avoid relationships or experience higher relationship dissolution rates. Stable relationships provide safe environments for addressing sexual concerns without performance pressure associated with new partners or casual encounters. However, relationship protection depends on relationship quality—dysfunctional partnerships may increase rather than decrease ED risk through chronic stress and conflict. Our approach encourages partner involvement in treatment decisions when appropriate.

16. Majority of female partners report relationship satisfaction improvement with successful ED treatment

Partner outcome studies demonstrate that ED treatment benefits extend beyond the diagnosed individual to significantly impact partner wellbeing and relationship quality. Partners often internalize ED as personal rejection or loss of attractiveness, creating secondary psychological distress that successful treatment alleviates. Female partners frequently serve as primary motivators for men seeking treatment, though this support role can create its own pressures and dynamics. Understanding partner impacts emphasizes ED as a couple's issue requiring collaborative approaches rather than individual medical problem-solving. Our educational resources address both patient and partner concerns throughout treatment.

17. 16% higher likelihood of anxiety and depression in individuals with multiple shameful experiences related to ED

Psychological impact research quantifies how repeated ED-related shame experiences compound into broader mental health challenges. Each perceived failure or embarrassing encounter adds to cumulative psychological burden that extends beyond sexual function to affect overall self-concept and social functioning. The escalating nature of shame-based trauma means early intervention prevents not just sexual dysfunction but broader psychological deterioration. Men with multiple shame experiences often develop complex avoidance patterns affecting multiple life domains beyond just sexual encounters. Recovery requires addressing accumulated shame through therapy while rebuilding positive sexual experiences with appropriate support. Our discrete, judgment-free platform helps men avoid shame-inducing traditional medical encounters.

Treatment Approaches for Psychological ED

18. Cognitive Behavioral Sex Therapy can be as effective as sildenafil in treating psychological ED in some studies

Controlled trial evidence validates psychological intervention as primary treatment for certain cases of psychogenic dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral techniques address dysfunctional thought patterns, catastrophic thinking, and negative self-talk that maintain psychological ED beyond initial triggers. The therapy provides lasting benefits beyond treatment duration by teaching skills patients apply independently, unlike medications requiring continued use. Success requires specialized therapists and patient commitment to homework exercises and practice between sessions. We support both medical and psychological approaches based on individual patient needs and preferences.

19. 75% of couples complete psychological treatment programs for erectile dysfunction when started

Treatment adherence data shows strong engagement with psychological interventions despite time and effort requirements, suggesting high motivation when appropriate support exists. Completion rates exceed many medical treatment adherence statistics, possibly reflecting partner involvement and structured progression that maintains engagement. Couples-based approaches address relationship dynamics contributing to dysfunction while building mutual support for recovery. The structured nature of psychological programs with clear endpoints may improve adherence compared to indefinite medication regimens. High completion rates validate psychological intervention feasibility despite initial resistance or skepticism from many men. Our educational resources complement professional therapy for comprehensive treatment.

20. Combined psychological counseling and PDE5 inhibitors achieve strong success rates in psychogenic ED cases in certain studies

Integrated treatment research demonstrates positive outcomes from addressing both psychological and physiological aspects simultaneously. The combined approach breaks dysfunction cycles faster than either treatment alone by providing immediate functional improvement while addressing underlying psychological factors. Medication success builds confidence that enhances psychological intervention effectiveness, while counseling improves medication response through anxiety reduction. This synergy particularly benefits men with mixed psychological and organic factors requiring comprehensive approaches. Our MAX tablets support comprehensive treatment strategies.

21. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy shows effectiveness for psychological ED

Digital health research validates online therapy delivery for sexual dysfunction, expanding access beyond traditional in-person limitations. Internet delivery removes geographical, scheduling, and privacy barriers that prevent many men from accessing psychological ED treatment. Post-pandemic acceptance of telehealth normalizes online treatment, reducing stigma associated with seeking help for sexual concerns. Asynchronous elements like homework modules and progress tracking may enhance outcomes compared to traditional weekly sessions alone. Our telehealth model aligns with digital therapy trends for comprehensive care.

22. Mindfulness meditation significantly reduces performance anxiety in men with ED

Mind-body intervention research demonstrates benefits of mindfulness practices for managing anxiety contributing to erectile dysfunction. Mindfulness techniques interrupt catastrophic thinking patterns and reduce sympathetic nervous system activation that physiologically impairs erections. Regular practice creates lasting changes in stress response and emotional regulation beyond immediate sexual benefits. Mindfulness offers accessible, low-cost intervention that men can practice independently while pursuing other treatments. Integration with medical treatment enhances overall outcomes through stress reduction and improved body awareness.

Specific Psychological Conditions

23. Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with markedly higher rates of erectile dysfunction

Trauma research documents profound sexual dysfunction impacts from PTSD. PTSD involves complex neurobiological changes affecting arousal, trust, and intimacy capacity beyond simple anxiety responses. Treatment requires specialized approaches addressing trauma alongside sexual dysfunction rather than standard ED protocols. Many PTSD patients require extended treatment timelines and may experience periodic symptom recurrence during trauma triggers. Our medical team recognizes trauma's impact on sexual function and provides appropriate support resources.

24. Social anxiety disorder present in 23% of men seeking treatment for psychological ED

Psychiatric comorbidity data reveals substantial overlap between social anxiety and sexual dysfunction, suggesting shared vulnerability factors. Social anxiety creates specific challenges around intimate encounters including fear of judgment, body image concerns, and catastrophic performance predictions. Men with social anxiety often avoid not just sexual encounters but romantic relationship formation entirely, creating isolation cycles. Treatment must address broader social functioning alongside sexual concerns for lasting improvement. The prevalence suggests routine social anxiety screening in ED evaluation could identify treatable contributing factors. Our online platform particularly benefits socially anxious men avoiding in-person medical encounters.

Medication Interactions with Psychological Factors

25. Placebo response rates reach 35% in psychological ED trials, indicating expectation effects

Clinical trial analysis demonstrates powerful psychological components in ED treatment response beyond pure pharmacological effects. The substantial placebo response validates psychological factors' role even in medication treatment, suggesting mindset influences outcomes significantly. Positive treatment expectations create beneficial psychological states that facilitate erectile function through reduced anxiety and increased confidence. Understanding placebo contributions helps explain variable treatment responses and importance of therapeutic alliance in prescribing. The effect size suggests psychological support enhances medication effectiveness through expectation management and confidence building. Our comprehensive approach maximizes both pharmacological and psychological treatment components.

26. Medication confidence correlates with better treatment outcomes in psychological ED

Treatment belief research shows how patient confidence in treatment influences erectile function outcomes beyond pharmacological effects. Men who believe strongly in their medication's effectiveness experience measurably better results through reduced anxiety and positive expectation. This finding emphasizes prescriber communication importance in establishing treatment confidence through education and reassurance. The correlation suggests psychological preparation enhances medication effectiveness, validating comprehensive treatment approaches. We provide extensive education to build treatment confidence and optimize outcomes.

27. Sildenafil shows enhanced effectiveness when combined with anxiety reduction techniques

Combination treatment data demonstrates measurable synergy between pharmaceutical intervention and psychological techniques for anxiety management. Anxiety reduction techniques may optimize physiological conditions for medication effectiveness through reduced sympathetic tone. The combination particularly benefits men with performance anxiety who experience situational effectiveness variations. Simple breathing exercises or progressive relaxation before intimacy can enhance medication response. Our educational materials include anxiety management techniques to maximize medication benefits.

Assessment and Diagnosis Patterns

28. Only 7.7% of men with ED symptoms have received professional diagnosis and treatment

Healthcare utilization data exposes massive treatment gaps with over 90% of affected men never receiving professional evaluation. This diagnosis gap particularly affects psychological ED where men may not recognize anxiety or depression connections to sexual dysfunction. Barriers include embarrassment, cost, time constraints, and belief that ED is untreatable or not serious enough for medical attention. The low diagnosis rate means prevalence statistics likely underestimate true psychological ED burden in populations. Undiagnosed psychological ED contributes to relationship failures, depression development, and reduced quality of life for millions. Our telehealth platform specifically addresses barriers preventing diagnosis and treatment access.

29. Validated questionnaires show high accuracy rates in detecting psychological ED when properly administered

Diagnostic accuracy studies confirm reliable identification of psychological factors through structured assessment tools. Proper administration requires creating safe, confidential environments where men feel comfortable disclosing sensitive information. Questionnaires can differentiate psychological from organic causes and identify specific contributing factors like anxiety or depression. The reliability enables confident treatment planning without extensive testing in clear psychological cases. Our platform utilizes validated assessments to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment selection.

Moving Forward: Integrating Psychological Understanding into Treatment

These statistics illuminate the profound psychological dimensions of erectile dysfunction, from the striking 85.2% of young men with primarily psychological causes to the increased depression risk in affected individuals. The data validates psychological factors as legitimate medical concerns requiring professional intervention rather than personal failures to overcome independently.

The research demonstrates encouraging treatment outcomes, with combined psychological and medical approaches achieving strong success rates and early intervention showing dramatically better outcomes than delayed treatment. These findings emphasize that psychological ED is highly treatable when properly addressed through comprehensive approaches combining medication support with psychological intervention.

Understanding prevalence patterns, from surveys suggesting many young men avoid sex due to performance anxiety to only 7.7% receiving professional diagnosis, reveals both the scope of unmet need and opportunities for improved care delivery. The bidirectional relationships between ED and mental health conditions underscore treating sexual function as integral to overall psychological wellbeing rather than isolated concern.

We developed our platform recognizing these psychological dimensions, providing discrete access to medications containing the active ingredients sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil. Our approach combines pharmaceutical efficacy with education and support that addresses psychological factors contributing to dysfunction.

The path forward requires continued integration of psychological understanding into ED treatment, moving beyond purely medical models to address the complex interplay of mind and body in sexual function. With appropriate intervention combining psychological support and medical treatment, the vast majority of men can achieve meaningful improvement in both sexual function and overall wellbeing.

Frequently Asked Questions

What percentage of ED cases are psychological versus physical in nature?

Research demonstrates that 85.2% of men have psychological causes as the primary ED factor, while this drops to 40.7% in men where organic causes become predominant. This age-related transition reflects accumulating vascular disease, diabetes, and hormonal changes in older populations, though psychological factors remain significant contributors across all ages. The distinction often proves artificial, as many older men with organic ED develop secondary psychological symptoms from distress about their condition. Many cases involve mixed etiology where psychological factors compound mild organic dysfunction, making comprehensive evaluation essential for appropriate treatment planning.

Can psychological erectile dysfunction be completely cured, or will it always return?

Long-term studies show 60% sustained improvement at two-year follow-up for treated psychological ED, with many men experiencing some recurrence during stressful life periods. Complete permanent cure proves unrealistic for most men; instead, successful treatment provides tools and strategies for managing symptoms when they arise. Early intervention shows dramatically better outcomes than delayed treatment, emphasizing prompt treatment importance for optimal recovery. Men who understand psychological ED's episodic nature and maintain treatment strategies report high satisfaction despite occasional symptoms during stressors.

How effective is therapy alone compared to medication for psychological ED?

Cognitive behavioral therapy can be as effective as sildenafil in some controlled trials of psychological ED. However, combined approaches achieve strong success rates, often exceeding either treatment alone through synergistic benefits. Therapy provides lasting skills and addresses root causes while medication offers immediate functional improvement that builds confidence for psychological work. The optimal approach depends on individual factors including symptom severity, relationship status, and treatment preference.

What role does performance anxiety play in erectile dysfunction statistics?

Performance anxiety represents a primary psychological ED driver, with surveys suggesting many young British men avoid sex due to performance fears. Anticipatory anxiety affects many younger men with ED, where fear of failure becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. The anxiety triggers adrenaline release causing vasoconstriction that physically prevents erections regardless of arousal. Treatment combining sensate focus therapy with PDE5 inhibitors shows strong success rates for performance anxiety, demonstrating highly treatable nature when properly addressed.

Should I try psychological treatment or medication first for ED with psychological causes?

Research indicates 85% of young men with psychological ED respond to combined intervention, suggesting simultaneous rather than sequential treatment provides optimal outcomes. Medication confidence correlates with better outcomes, while sildenafil shows enhanced effectiveness when combined with anxiety reduction techniques. Starting both approaches together breaks dysfunction cycles faster—medication provides immediate functional improvement that facilitates psychological work, while therapy addresses underlying patterns preventing reliance on medication alone. Our platform supports both approaches through medication access and educational resources for comprehensive treatment.

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The content provided here is not a substitute for, and should never be relied upon as, professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor to discuss the risks, benefits, and appropriateness of any treatment. BlueChew offers compounded medications prescribed solely for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and sexual performance enhancement. Compounded medications are not FDA-approved.